Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

CONCLUSION: Overall, results are encouraging in its implication that the P4P can benefit autistic preschoolers and their parents with varying degrees of social responsiveness and parenting stress, respectively, upon entry.

Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess and compare the prevalence of dental caries in children and adolescents with and without ASD and identify associated factors. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, yielding 2,103 studies, from which 25 met inclusion criteria. The primary outcome measure was caries prevalence, analyzed through clinical assessments. Risk of bias was evaluated using an adapted...

Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

To date, most studies on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on specific age ranges, while the mechanisms underlying the entire developmental process of autism patients remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in brain function in autistic individuals at different developmental stages by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). We obtained rs-fMRI data from 173 ASD and 178 typical development (TD) individuals in Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange, spanning...

Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Autistic traits exist on a continuum within the general population, yet how these traits influence regional neural activity during real-world social interactions remains unclear. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we investigated how autistic traits relate to the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) during both resting-state and real-time conversations in 62 high autistic trait and 58 low autistic trait neurotypical adults. While resting-state differences...

Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) constitutes a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication skills, social interactions, and stereotypes of behavior, with an estimated frequency of 1.2% of children throughout the world. The lack of specific treatments or molecular biomarkers underscores the complexities of ASD as a nonunified clinical entity. Comorbid medical conditions are particularly associated with gastrointestinal issues that may...

Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Autistic individuals with disproportionate megalencephaly (ASD-DM), characterized by enlarged brains relative to body height, have higher rates of intellectual disability and face more severe cognitive challenges than autistic children with average brain sizes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this neurophenotype remain poorly understood. To investigate these mechanisms, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells from non-autistic typically developing children and autistic...

Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

CONCLUSIONS: This screening method strongly suggests that it be used to assist medical professionals in providing efficient and accurate autism detection.

Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

CONCLUSIONS: Among nurses with ADHD and/or autism, the organizational and social work environment and health are challenging, and these challenges seem to be partly connected to the ADHD and autistic traits. However, patient care was perceived to work well. More research is needed to evaluate how the perceived health of nurses with ADHD/autism can be improved.

Le Thu, 20 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicated that individuals with ASD have shorter TL, however, shorter TL does not appear to increase the risk of ASD.

Le Wed, 19 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Family accommodation (FA) is a term describing the change in behavior seen in parents and caregivers as they attempt to effect change in their child or adolescent's anxious behavior-usually by allowing avoidance, attempting distraction, or attempting to manage distress. FA has been well-documented in children and adolescents with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders; however, there has been less summarized on the degree to which autistic youth and families engage in accommodation. This...

Le Wed, 19 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Partnerships and capacity building are essential for fostering genuine engagement. Implementing and evaluating training and its acceptability is crucial for effective stakeholder participation. Meaningful engagement of culturally diverse populations is necessary for inclusive and equitable occupational therapy research. Plain-Language Summary: Occupational therapists use evidence-based interventions. There is a need for culturally sensitive interventions, but many...

Le Wed, 19 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Introduction: The effective management of irritability is a key need in young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole in children and adolescents with irritability associated with ASD. Methods: This was an 8-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (NCT04174365) and 26-week, open-label extension (OLE, NCT04258839) of brexpiprazole (0.25-3 mg/day based on body weight) in children and adolescents (5-17 years) with a...

Le Wed, 19 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Background: Although randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated several treatments for social communication difficulties and repetitive behavior in autism, none has yet shown consistent superiority over placebo. Placebo response in autism RCTs may impede the ability to detect meaningful treatment effects. Objective: We sought to identify individual-level predictors of placebo response in Study of Oxytocin in Autism to improve Reciprocal Social Behaviors (SOARS-B), a 24-week RCT of...

Le Wed, 19 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the SPQ-BR and AQ measure overlapping symptoms that can be isolated to some factors. Importantly, where we observe model failures, we capture distinctive factors. We provide guidance for leveraging existing screeners to avert misdiagnosis and advancing specific/selective biomarker identification.

Le Wed, 19 Feb 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Missed appointments are detrimental to the healthcare system and to the clients themselves. Autistic youth may be particularly impacted due to unique service needs and limited services available within the system. To date, there is limited literature specific to treatment attendance in autistic populations receiving behavioral services. This study examines prevalence, predictors of, and reasons for missed appointments in an outpatient clinic specializing in addressing behavioral concerns. This...